Swot Analysis Of Company Practices: PayPal

Swot Analysis Of Company Practices: PayPal The online installment frameworks supplier that we have picked is PayPal. PayPal is an online business that permits installments and cash move to be made through the Internet. PayPal fills in as an electronic option in contrast to customary paper techniques, for example, check and cash orders. The administration permits individuals to send cash without sharing money related data, with the adaptability to pay utilizing their record adjusts, ledgers, charge cards or limited time financing. PayPal is a case of an installment middle person administration that encourages overall internet business. PayPal is an eBay auxiliary organization and is comprised of three driving on the web installment benefits: the PayPal worldwide installment administration, the Payflow Gateway and Bill Me Later. The companys open installment stage, PayPal X, that permits engineers to manufacture creative installment applications on numerous stages and gadgets. PayPal performs installment handling for online merchants, closeout locales, and other business clients, for which it charges an expense. It charges exchange expense for getting cash. The expenses charged rely upon the cash utilized, the installment choice utilized, the nation of the sender, the nation of the beneficiary, the sum sent and the beneficiaries account type. Moreover, PayPal is additionally the favored method to send secure installments on eBay. With PayPal, clients who have an online record can makes it simple to send cash from an assortment of sources to an assortment of beneficiaries without sharing their money related data. Other than that, the beneficiary never observes their charge card number or their financial data. Thus, as a purchaser, clients can pay for their thing on the web through PayPal. They have the decision of subsidizing their installment with their plastic, Visa, ledger or PayPal balance. Venders are told by email of their PayPal installment quickly, and can unquestionably present the products on them immediately. As a vender, the person can pull back those assets to their ledger or use them to send an installment to another person. In the event that in any way, shape or form a discount is required, a merchant can rapidly and effectively send a discount to the purchaser straightforwardly into their PayPal account. PayPal is the aftereffect of a March 2000 merger among Confinity and X.com. Confinity was established in December 1998 by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek, and Ken Howery, at first as a Palm Pilot installments and cryptography organization. Both Confinity and X.com propelled their sites in late 1999. X.com was established by Elon Musk in March 1999, at first as an Internet money related administrations organization. The two organizations were situated on University Avenue in Palo Alto. Confinitys site was at first centered around accommodating transmitted installments from Palm Pilots with email installments as a component and X.coms site fundamentally included budgetary administrations with email installments as an element. In October 2002, PayPal was gained by eBay. PayPal had recently been the installment technique for decision by in excess of 50% of eBay clients, and the administration contended with eBays auxiliary Billpoint, eBay has since eliminated its Billpoint administration for holding the PayPal brand. At present, PayPal works in 190 markets, and it oversees more than 223 million records, in excess of 73 million of them dynamic. PayPal permits clients to send, get, and hold assets in 19 monetary forms around the world. These monetary forms are the Australian dollar, Brazilian genuine, Canadian dollar, Euro, pound real, Japanese yen, and others. PayPal works locally 13 nations, inhabitants in 194 markets can utilize PayPal in their nearby markets to send cash on the web. SWOT Analysis of organization rehearses Qualities The qualities of a business are certain components, something they progress admirably and are heavily influenced by them. The accompanying we will see the principle qualities of the PayPal. The main quality we will discuss is the business coalition of PayPal. In view of social site that has clients from everywhere throughout the world-Facebook has carries the PayPal to deal with its installment make PayPal increment more income. Facebook discover that 70 percent of its 400 million clients live outside the United States, so it tends to be difficult for them to move cash to the organization on the web. While PayPal has in excess of 81 million dynamic records, it can help Facebook to gather cash without any problem. Having collusions with other solid and well known IT organizations is a significant in addition to point for PayPal as it acquires new clients and make business increasingly successful. PayPal show up as the main online worldwide installment framework on the planet. It is a key to progress for PayPal to buckle down for it helps notoriety, benefit and piece of the pie. PayPal has a great development from year to year. It has around 70 million dynamic clients in 2008 and it is 23% more than 2007. PayPal works in 190 markets, 17 neighborhood dialects, and executes in 19 monetary forms and it works with 27 worldwide money related systems and 15,000 nearby banks far and wide. No different organizations have this propelled framework with the exception of the market head PayPal. It has a high level of the piece of the overall industry, which means it is in front of numerous contenders. Serious estimating is a fundamental component of PayPals by and large achievement. With the practical installment framework online, for example, the Pay as you go framework that permit clients pay just on the off chance that they are bringing in cash online except if they are utilizing further developed alternatives. Such valuing keep PayPal over its adversaries. PayPal need you essentially pay a level of the installments got, regularly somewhere in the range of 1.4 and 3.4% in addition to a fixed measure of 20p per exchange. Furthermore, it is thoroughly allowed to set-up a PayPal represent your business with no concealed beginning up expenses or yearly membership charges. It is frequently the situation that a potential client may not knew about your business, however they unquestionably have seen or known about PayPal previously. PayPal logo can be effortlessly observed by the clients of web since it shows up in pretty much every sale site and even in numerous site that offer types of assistance as the installment technique. They are in this manner bound to consider buying from your site as they some more don't need to give their budgetary subtleties if use PayPal. A solid brand is a fundamental quality of PayPal as it is perceived and regarded. Presently the framework has 100 million fulfilled clients worldwide and a larger number of sites use PayPal than some other installment passage. The other quality of PayPal is accommodation it brings to general society. PayPal site and installment administration is easy to understand. It is simple and easy to utilize, in any event, for the individuals who have no or little involvement with selling or purchasing on the web. PayPal primary spotlight is on the convenience for the two recipients and senders of money. It additionally utilizes its tying down framework to help ensures shoppers individual data, and gives installments to shippers while never giving your own money related data. Shippers won't get the charge card data of the customers, it diminishing the opportunity of breaking individual data. The capacity to acknowledge online installments commonly just stood to bigger organizations with conventional charge card benefits yet with the intrigue of PayPal, it offers traders, explicitly littler organizations can bear the cost of online installments. Basically, PayPal give a for each to-peer installment channel by goes abo ut as a go between among customers and traders. Shortcoming The primary shortcoming of PayPal is its frail arrangement. As of now, PayPal isn't utilizing a database-driven requesting framework. For the majority of the online vendors with 25 to 500,000 items available to be purchased online set up a spreadsheet or database that contains their item data by utilizing specific programming. They make changes to the database on a work station, for example, cost expands, stock close by, including or erasing an item, adjusting shading decisions, starting uncommon deals, and so forth. These progressions at that point will supplant the more established item database and show up the new item database on the site. Be that as it may, the PayPal framework stores the request catches of clients in an online database of sorts, however clients can just access it by utilizing the web interface. It works very smooth if clients just creation a couple of changes. Be that as it may, if clients have a ton of items, they compelled to roll out the improvements continu ally. It will cause clients burn through an excessive amount of time while the time is generally cognizant for business. The different shortcoming is the terrible correspondence among PayPal and its client. The grumbling framework and the client support at the PayPal site are excessively insufficient. Numerous protests every once in a while guarantee that PayPal has closed down a clients account subjectively and wont tune in to any explanation. Be that as it may, its not difficult to tell that PayPal endeavors to keep its framework secure and extortion free. At the point when it discovers clients doing things that slide along the edge of its approaches, it might close them down self-assertively. As PayPal is act in such manner for valid justifications, it should attempt to speak with clients and let them find out about their activity like send email or call them so the misconstrue can be decline. The restricted adaptability of the PayPal framework is because of its unyielding Hosted Ordering Interface. It gives an unbendable requesting interface that can be befuddling to customers. PayPal permit clients to alter the interface a piece by including their logo, choosing foundation hues, and fringe styles yet clients capacity to redo the request page is just in corrective manners. PayPal doesn't have a requesting framework with open code that a software engineer can control to suit clients specific web based business needs. The absolute most grounded transformation rate increases can be made by testing and smoothing out a request interface along these lines. That is the motivation behind why the PayPals request interface is burdensome and can be befuddling. Openings Securing is one of the open doors for PayPal as it can carry more clients to PayPal particularly with organization that additionally run IT business. eBay declare that it will eliminate its own contending administration to PayPal that is eBay Payments by B

Physics free essay sample

A thermometric property is a physical property that adjustments in a known manner with temperature, and can along these lines be utilized to quantify temperature. The substance utilized as a thermometer must have a property that differs relatively/straightly with temperature. [ as it were: When articles are warmed or cooled, their temperatures change, alongside a portion of their properties, these properties are known as Thermometric Properties. ] Two ordinarily utilized thermometric properties are opposition and length. 2. Water is commonly used to decide the fixed point on a thermometer. The fixed focuses are the point of solidification (32oF/0oC) and breaking point (212oF/100oC). Upper fixed point is the temperature of unadulterated water bubbling at typical barometrical weight. Lower fixed point is the temperature of a blend of unadulterated ice and unadulterated water at ordinary climatic weight. By and large the upper and lower fixed purposes of a thermometer are resolved with considering the point of solidification and breaking point of water. In Celsius thermometer, lower fixed point is 0 ? C and upper fixed point is 100 ? C, in Fahrenheit thermometer lower fixed point is resolved as 32. They need no force source. Detriments: If it so happens that the thermometer falls and breaks, a spill of mercury in a specialists office, school or home condition presents noteworthy wellbeing risks. Introduction could bring about genuine harm to kidneys, lungs, cerebrum, heart and insusceptible framework. Advanced Thermometers Digital thermometers use thermocouples or thermistors to detect the adjustment in temperature and show the temperature on a computerized show. There are various sorts of computerized thermometers accordingly the temperature ranges change. Favorable circumstances: Digital thermometers are anything but difficult to utilize. When utilizing a computerized thermometer you won’t be presented to mercury. Disservices: Dead batteries are a downside of advanced thermometers. It is difficult to decide how much force is left in an advanced thermometers battery, which thusly makes it hard to foresee when it will pass on. Since they are specific batteries, it is difficult to find substitutions. Furthermore, near kicking the bucket batteries will give wrong readings. Open air Thermometers Outdoor thermometers are utilized to quantify the temperature of the encompassing air. Temperature ranges from - 58of/ - 50oc to 158of/70oC. Focal points: Low battery utilization. High dependability and precision. Hindrances: If an item is extensively near the outside thermometer it can impact the genuine temperature of the encompassing air. Thermocouple Thermometer A thermocouple thermometer is a gadget for estimating temperature comprising of a couple of wires of various metals or semiconductors joined at the two finishes. One intersection is at the temperature to be estimated, the second at a fixed temperature. The electromotive power produced relies on the temperature contrast. Temperature ranges from 200oC to 2,600oC. Favorable circumstances: It is exceptionally receptive to quickly changing temperatures because of its low warm limit. The low warm limit is because of its low mass and metals are acceptable conveyors of power. As the yield is an electrical drive it very well may be associated with a reasonable electrical hardware for checking fast or unexpected temperature changes. Burdens: It is amazingly costly. Creates low sign which is non-direct Must be gathered with care to maintain a strategic distance from impressive commotion levels. II. Warm Expansion Thermal extension is the inclination of issue to change in volume because of an adjustment in temperature. At the point when a substance is warmed, its particles start moving more and accordingly as a rule keep up a more prominent normal detachment. Materials which contract with expanding temperature are uncommon; this impact is constrained in size, and just happens inside restricted temperature ranges. The level of extension isolated by the adjustment in temperature is known as the materials coefficient of warm development and for the most part fluctuates with temperature. 1. Warm Expansion of Solids Heating a strong causes it particles to vibrate energetically. As these vibrations become bigger the particles are driven further separated and the strong extends somewhat in al bearings. Warm Expansion of Liquids Like strong fluids likewise develop warming. Since fluids don't have an unmistakable shape they can have just volume extension. Since the compartment containing fluid likewise grows with heat in this way Real Expansion = Apparent Expansion + Expansion in a fluid of fluid of Container . At the point when a fluid is warmed in a holder, the compartment grows first and accordingly the degree of fluid reductions since the development of fluid is more than that of strong, in this way after at some point the fluid extends and its level increments. The astro light above delineates the differential warm extension in fluids. Warm Expansion of Gases A gas extends when warmed and gathers when cooled. Charles Law predicts a four-crease decline in the volume of a gas that is cooled from room temperature to the temperature of fluid nitrogen (77 K). In the event that the gas inside the inflatable gathers into an unpredictable fluid at or around 77 K, the volume change will be considerably bigger. Evacuating the inflatable uncovered the virus inflatable to higher temperatures. The subsequent warm development fills the inflatable to its unique size once more. Fluid nitrogen or dry-ice/CH3)2CO is poured over an inflatable. 2. Warm Expansion Real-life applications Engine Coolant Another case of warm development with respect to a fluid can be found inside the vehicles radiator. On the off chance that the radiator is finished off with coolant on a chilly day, an expansion in temperature could make the coolant grow until it floods. Before, this delivered an issue for vehicle proprietors, since motors discharged the abundance volume of coolant onto the ground, requiring occasional substitution of the liquid. Later-model vehicles, notwithstanding, have a flood holder to gather liquid discharged because of volume development. As the motor chills off once more, the holder restores the abundance liquid to the radiator, along these lines, reusing it. This implies more up to date vehicles are significantly less inclined to overheating as more established vehicles. Joined with upgrades in radiator liquid blends, which go about as liquid catalyst in chilly climate and coolant in hot, the reusing procedure has prompted a noteworthy lessening in breakdowns identified with warm extension. Building Settlement All channels and vessels extend and contract in direct extent to a temperature change. At whatever point pipes are steered across auxiliary development joints in structures, streets, spans and so on , they will be exposed to removals. Development amp; building settlement items are introduced to control this thermally incited extension and compression, and channel developments brought about by auxiliary settlement. Channel Solutions can offer specialized exhortation or a full plan, for any extension or building development issue. Development Joints are utilized to truly make up for the developments of the pipework. They can be intended to suit practically any blend of working temperature, weight and development capacity. 3. The Design of a Bimetallic Strip A bimetallic strip is utilized to change over a temperature change into mechanical removal. The strip comprises of two segments of various metals which extend at various rates as they are warmed, normally steel and copper, or now and again metal rather than copper. The strips are consolidated all through their length by riveting, brazing or welding. The various developments power the level strip to twist one way whenever warmed, and the other way whenever cooled underneath its underlying temperature. The metal with the higher coefficient of warm development is on the external side of the bend when the strip is warmed and on the inward side when cooled. The sideways dislodging of the strip is a lot bigger than the little lengthways development in both of the two metals. This impact is utilized in a scope of mechanical and electrical gadgets. In certain applications the bimetal strip is utilized in the level structure. In others, it is wrapped into a loop for minimization. The more prominent length of the wound adaptation gives improved affectability. The activity of the bimetallic strip depends on the various extensions paces of the two metals to temperature change ( the various coefficients of warm development of the metals). One of the numerous utilizations for bimetallic strips is in electrical breakers where over the top flow through the strip warms it and twists it to trip the change to interfere with the flow. Bimettalic strips are likewise utilized as indoor regulators.

Solution for the Decline of Circulation of Newspaper

Papers face solid rivalry against different mediums that communicate news, for example, the TV, the radio, and the greatest rivalry, the World Wide Web. With the quick progression in innovation, news no longer should be seen inactively. Electronic organizations are obliging the quick paced and occupied ways of life of Americans; consequently, making gadgets that are versatile and helpful for getting the news. New innovation, for example, tablet PCs, digital book perusers, and advanced cells are supplanting the manner in which we have been accepting the news. Be that as it may, these new gadgets can't supplant the value of claiming a printed version. In the event that the conventional printing of paper was to proceed, what should be done is essentially consolidating innovation and printed paper as one medium, in doing as such, we can likewise elevate free memberships to perceive how much achievement this thought can go. Paper and online assets both have segments that are deficient. â€Å"The paper industry has changed significantly and there is no uncertainty that we’ll keep on observing an adjustment in the print of paper. Yet, there are some extremely fascinating open doors that ought to be centered around and that is: conveying substance to perusers in the favored medium, producing new strategies for publicizing that are increasingly significant for the purchaser and powerful for the promoter, controlling expenses for the paper distributer. † (Peck) Seeing that the decrease in paper deals turned into a mainstream pattern over many years of time, I might want to propose an answer for the difficult that would move toward news in an alternate and successful manner. This thought is insert computerized segments inside the paper itself. For instance, â€Å"Touch touchy screens, sound and video players which would be water evidence, adaptable, stun verification and have a not too bad quality. † (Mahaptra, Kumar) The thought is have paper and peruser connection. Contact screens of reasonable measurements with streak memory that would be pre-modified and sewed into the paper. A client would simply need to contact the screen to get whatever picture is being depicted. Likewise, installing a sound player would be modified to peruse out a specific news determination. This thought is like the film scenes in the Harry Potter arrangement where an individual is perusing a paper that depicts content as the design of pictures change mysteriously. For this situation, for my answer is decipher the pictures carefully. This thought is progressive and imaginative just as an inventive way to deal with conveying content in light of a legitimate concern for clients. This would be the nearest approach to keep inside convention of the printed paper and thusly remunerating the requests of the â€Å"fast-paced and occupied ways of life of Americans. â€Å"News should be more receptive to perusers' very own needs and this implies writers moving from ‘wide crowd, low pertinence' stories (I. e. , little seismic tremor announced in Peru) to ‘low crowd, high importance' stories. A paper's administration is to total and convey all the news that a peruser ought to be keen on that day. † (Crosbie) By doing so this administration would spare perusers ti me making it increasingly conceivable in utilizing this methodology. It would spare them from looking through hundreds or even a large number of articles on the world's latest news. With â€Å"The overall downturn of 2008, joined with the quick development of online other options, causing a genuine decrease in publicizing and flow, the same number of papers close or forcefully conserve their activities. † (Mahaptra, Kumar) It is this administration that ought to be accommodated which news organizations ought to have the option to produce more prominent income and secure bigger readership today. The mass customization of paper versions pertinent to every peruser's advantages is one of the numerous arrangements vital for the business to endure. Mechanical progression has been a hindrance for the paper business, yet the low dissemination rates likewise emerge from the people who rely upon the new innovation. These people are use to and love the word â€Å"free†, they don’t think they have to pay for content. â€Å"A arrangement that disregards this straightforward reality is bound to come up short, paying little mind to innovation, programming or gadgets. This requires a conduct change, from both the papers and its readers†¦The objective is to change attitudes, adjust conduct, and create income in a maintainable way (I. e. , make papers fundamentally gainful). (Ritholtz) An incredible methodology is without advance memberships and later charging for ceaseless memberships. This technique would require enlisting a record and giving Mastercard data. Thusly, people are permitted access to a heap of news stories. If not enlisted, people are just ready to see a specific measure of substance inside that article. This is like way to deal with online article sites that post other journalists' paper, and a buy is required to see the full exposition. Be that as it may, the essential objective now isn't to create income, however to get the open used to paying for content. This in urn will give authority over expense of paper and help to the decay of paper flow with the assistance of open media shoppers. There are numerous potential arrangements in actuating approaches to fix the decrease of paper flow. All together for the paper business to flourish, we should think about innovation as another approach to adapt to the requests of people, consider people inclination for content, and consider that people and the business itself must cooperate roll out this improvement conceivable. Basically, this will have that effect that can change the manner in which individuals read news and as yet keeping to convention of a printed paper.

Essay Samples To Get Into A Masters Program

Essay Samples To Get Into A Masters ProgramWhether you're looking for a school to get into, or whether you want to pursue a degree in writing online, you can find many essay samples to get into Masters programs. The best part about the application essay samples is that you can include the information that you want. Here are a few of the ways to do so.One of the most important sections of your application is the personal statement. You need to express who you are and why you want to attend a specific school. If you want to explore how your background will fit with what the school has to offer, you need to highlight this. In fact, you need to use your personal statement to communicate how you will contribute to the school. However, you need to make sure that your statement is unique in what it communicates.Writing college application essays can be difficult. There are a lot of different styles and genres that students need to use when they write. You can always choose to use your writi ng style from high school, but remember that these essays are only to determine your admission to the school, not make you the subject of a research paper. Make sure that you write an interesting essay, but don't get overly excited because that will spoil the results.As a final note, writing samples are used to inspire you as well as give you ideas to keep in mind. When you are preparing for a writing assignment, do some research on where you could use it. Even if you can't find a sample already, you can look for sample assignments online to guide you in writing your own.There is always a popular topic that colleges love to use for admissions essays. It helps to give details about your personality, as well as explaining what this school can offer. You also need to use your common sense and your experience with the school in order to explain why it will be a good fit for you.Don't get discouraged if you cannot find a subject matter expert or resource to assist you. There are plenty o f resources online. Even if you cannot find a resource, you can look at professional reviews or blogs.You can find essay samples to get into a Masters program by going to the college's website. If you're wondering what kinds of essays are accepted, check the FAQ section. By finding essay samples to get into a Master's program, you'll be able to highlight what the school wants to see in the applicant and what they are willing to give you to make this happen.

Critical Analysis of the Skull Beneath the Skin Essay

It could be said that The Skull beneath the Skin is quite typical of the crime genre, however P.D. James has somewhat subverted the genre. The novel incorporates a combination of Intuitionist, Realist and Hard Boiled styles of crime fiction. Usually crime novels fall into one of the three afore mentioned styles. Although obviously an Intuitionist or classically styled crime novel, Skull beneath the Skins as I have previously stated incorporates all three creating a unique novel while still following the traditions and conventions of the crime genre. This can be seen from this essay reference will be made to setting, dialogue, characterisation, dramatic irony, humour, narrative structure and the conventions of crime fiction. Setting is a†¦show more content†¦The reader is presented with a group of characters all struggling with troubled lives. Following the strictures of the Intuitionist text this serves the purpose of making all characters a suspect in the inevitable murder investigation. The reader is introduced to three main stereotypes throughout Skull beneath the Skin; the detective, the victim and the murderer/ villain. The detective in the Shull beneath the Skin Cordelia Gray is typical of the intuitionist text. Cordelia is not perfect but she seems to be morally better than all those around her in particular the occupants of Courcey Island. This particular trait makes her the ‘Goodie’ in the reader’s eyes. She is clever and apt at seeing through the deceptions around her. However she hides this behind a somewhat dithering exterior to make her job at Courcey Island less conspicuous. Also introduced in the novel is the character of Clarissa Lisle the victim. True to the Intuitionist style Clarissa is immoral and a completely despicable character who the reader cannot like at all. This puts more intrigue into the murder investigation because with such a nasty victim many people could have reason to want her dead. In this case almost everyone on Courcey Island has felt the bitter edge of Clarissa Lisle. The last major character stereotype that the novel S.B.T.S includes is the murderer/criminal. Generally as the name suggests the criminal is the person whoShow MoreRelatedHuman Body Systems Outline7161 Words   |  29 Pagesin your blood. Skeletal System Functions * Its 206 bones form a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs of the body are attached. * Vital organs are protected by the skeletal system. The brain is protected by the surrounding skull as the heart and lungs are encased by the sternum and rib cage. * Bodily movement is carried out by the interaction of the muscular and skeletal systems. For this reason, they are often grouped together as the musculo-skeletal system. Muscles areRead MoreChild Abuse3642 Words   |  15 Pagesobjectives on an enterprise level as well as department/ product/ domain level are clear. This clarity provides objectivity in further performance management. Symptoms of abuse may be overt or silent, and signs of physical abuse are often hidden beneath clothing. Children who are physically abused often explain their injuries by saying I fell, or may even respond to questioning by saying, I dont know (Cicchetti et al, 2010). 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The Violation Of The Fourth Amendment - 3158 Words

Many years ago, the United States Constitution was created as a guideline for the newly formed government to run this country as well as secure protection rights of all citizens. Since then, there have been many incidents that question the violation of citizens’ rights under the Constitution, such as the violation of the fourth amendment which protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures especially in the school system and on college campuses. The fourth amendment states, â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (O’Brien, 2014). As this pertains to those citizens who are students, whether it be in the primary, secondary, or post-secondary setting, the questio n that unveils itself is whether or not students are entitled to their constitutional rights, in this case, the fourth amendment’s rights, while in the school environment. Such actions that may violate a student’s constitutional rights as a citizen would be an administrator or school law enforcement searching a student or their personal belongings for unjustified reasons while in school. The boundaries of the fourth amendment are very complicated when dealing with the rights of students being that the school systems haveShow MoreRelatedThe Violation Of Fourth Amendment844 Words   |  4 PagesIn this case there are a few issues on appeal raised by Sitz. One of the issues was did the checkpoint violate the Fourth Amendment and did it forbid the balancing test. Another issue was that did it actually fail the effectiveness part of the Brown test. 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Writs of assistance in the form of general warrants were issued at will to search and seize whatever officers wanted without legal grounds. These flagrant disregards of the colonist’s privacy along with other abuses were the impetuses that lead to the American Revolution. After winning independence, the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights emerged. Later the ratification of the FourthRead MoreThe Issue Of Concern : Warrantless Gps Devices A Violation Of The Fourth Amendment1129 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens of USA. Somewhere along the lines, a few forget the oath and end up vio lating some of those rights. This paper present a few violations of rights under the US Constitution scenario; furthermore, it will also attempt to explain the outcomes. 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This violation could have lead to chubbs serving a 1-year in jail and a $25,000 fine, according to Va Code Ann 18.2-11. The officers then searched the vehicle in which chubbs was driving. During the search of the vehicle the officers found 16 grams of crack cocaine and $516 in cash. The state law of Virginia states that the officers should have offered Moore a summons rather than arresting him. The statutes of the Fourth Amendment give the officers the right to searchRead MoreEssay about The Exclusionary Rule620 Words   |  3 Pagesenforceable remedies imposed on the government for violations of those rights. In 1914, the U.S. Supreme Court, in the landmark case of Weeks v. United States,2 introduced the exclusionary rule as a remedy for violations of the Fourth Amendment.3 The Weeks Court felt that the only effective way to enforce the Fourth Amendment right to be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures was to adopt a rule that evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment could not be used by the government againstRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the Constitution was ratified in 1791 and is an important amendment in the Bill of Rights. The Fourth Amendment is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Charles Wetterer). The issueRead MoreThe Transportation security Administration (TSA) is Violating the Fourth Amendment536 Words   |  3 Pages The Fourth Amendment is rather specific in its wording:    â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (www.law.cornell.edu).    The importance of this amendment is for all citizens to be able to protect their

Comparision Between Dutch Lady Cash Flows free essay sample

Because the most important category of cash flow is operating activity and t reflects the day-to-day operations that determine the future of an organization . ash flow from operating activities should be main source of cash. Net cash used in investing activities: Net cash used in investing activities has increased from 2008 to 2009. for 2008,this amount is 14,756,000 RM but for 2009,this amount is 29,436,000 which indicates company has gain more long-term asset in 2009. Net cash used in financing activities: For 2009, this amount RM and for 2008 this amount RM. it ndicates that in 2009, company paid more interest and dividend in comparison with 2008. Generally, cash and cash equivalent has increased from 2008 to 2009 by 17,940,000 RM. Cash flow of Dutch Lady Milk Berhad is healthy because main source of cash is operation activity and investing activities did not create cash which indicate company did not sell of its long-term assets. Analysis cash flow of Dutch lady milk industries Berhad in 2008 and 2009 Finance strategy Mohammad Hashemi Joo 1091200372

Boeing 747 Essay Example

Boeing 747 Essay . Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. b. Which equity market risk premium (EMRP) did you use? Why? c. What Beta did you use and how did you derive it? d. Which risk-free rate did you use? Why? e. Which capital-structure weights did you use? Why? 2. Judged against your WACC, how attractive is the Boeing 7E7 project? f. Under what circumstances is the project economically attractive? g. What does sensitivity analysis (your own and/or that shown in the case) reveal about the nature of Boeing’s gamble on the 7E7? 3. Should the board approve the 7E7? Management Summary The analysis identifies both risks and benefits associated with undertaking the 7E7 project. Giving a calculated WAAC of 15. 44% for the commercial division of Boeing, the project is feasible and profitable. As you will find, the financial calculations provided in this report show that the project will increase the wealth of the shareholders, also identifying the associated risks and how those could be minimized. Assuming the development costs are correctly estimated and the market response is properly gauged, the reasons to go forward with the project outweigh those against it. The market competition corroborated with the unfavorable economic conditions prompt a swift and decisive answer from Boeing. The new 7E7 will have lower operating costs due to increased cargo space and increased fuel economy due to new engine design, would also be versatile and suitable for both short and long flight routes. We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing 747 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing 747 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing 747 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ensuring the development and manufacturing costs are kept down by employing decades of engineering expertise and already proven technologies and solutions, it is recommended that Boeing undertakes the 7E7 project. Cost of Equity The 7E7 Project is a risky project. With a beta of 2. 540738, which is substantially higher than the stock market average company, volatility is expected in this investment. However, with risk comes a reward. The 7E7 project would need to provide returns of 22. 7009% in order to be considered a sound investment. E(Ri) = . 0456+ 2. 40738 [. 117 . 0456] E(Ri) = . 0456+ 2. 540738 [. 0714] E = 22. 7009% Equity Market Risk Premium The equity market risk premium should equal the return expected by investors on a market portfolio relative to riskless assets. We have decided to use the 30-Year Treasury Bond as the risk free return because it most closely mimics the time horizon of the 7E7 project. The expected rate of return of a market portfolio of stocks is estima ted at 11. 7%. This is the estimate used by Brealey and Meyers, and is comprised of total market returns from 1900-2006. Therefore the equity market risk premium is equal to 7. 14%. (11. 7% 4. 56% = 7. 14%) Beta Risk is inherent in the economy and equity markets and the 60 trading day Boeing BetaEquity calculated against the Samp;P 500 Index would be a most accurate predictor of future risk. Due to the length of the Boeing project, at first glance it would appear a beta calculated using a longer regression period would estimate future returns best. The 60 month beta regression period began June 16, 1998. The 21 month beta period began September 17, 2001. Both ended June 16, 2003. This data is highly skewed due to the events of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent deterioration of the airline industry. In this case, the extended length of the regression period is a detriment to the calculation of future risk. Due to the large beta, investors should expect greater returns than the stock market is providing. See Appendix A. Risk Free Rate US government debt is considered risk free as there is a miniscule chance, very near zero, that the US government will become insolvent. This is therefore the risk free rate that we will use for our calculations. The case gives us the rates of the 3-month Treasury Bill and the 30 year Treasury Bond at 0. 85% and 4. 56% respectively, in June 2003. Since this project has a time horizon on the order of 20-30 years it would be very reasonable to use the 30-year Treasury Bond as the value for the risk free interest rate. Capital Structure Weights The following formula will be used for calculating WACC WACC = (Wdebt)(rd)(1-tc) + (Wequity)(re) * rd – pretax cost of capital, it is considered to be the Yield to Maturity rate for the outstanding 30 years bond that matures 2/15/2033, that being 5. 50%. The cost of equity capital will be calculated using CAPM Risk free rate + Equity Beta * (Expected return on market Risk free rate) E(Ri) = Rf + ? i[E(Rm) Rf] * Expected return on market rate Rm is provided at page 175 in Myers and it is the average nominal return on stocks for the last century, the value is 11. 7% * The debt/equity ratio for Boeing is provided in exhibit 10, 0. 525, from where we can infer the weights of both debt and equity. * The Equity beta for the whole company and for the commercial division is calculated in the appendix. Most of the corporations calculate WACC for giving investors an estimate on profitability and for being able to weight future projects. We are presented with Boeing current bonds, which constitute the long term debt portion of capital, and with Boeing’s assets which constitute the equity portion of capital. No other weighted entities (such as preferred shares) are considered. The debt/equity ratio would help with the calculation of weights. Boeing would need to earn at least 15. 443% return on its investments (including the 7E7 project) in order to maintain the actual share price. Also calculated WACC for the commercial division only, using the equity beta found in appendix. The debt/equity ratio for the commercial division was obtained considering the 46% weight of the defense division, the 0. 41 debt/equity ratio for the defense division from Lockheed and the overall 0. 525 debt ratio for the Boeing portfolio. As expected, the WACC for the commercial division is much higher due to the riskier aspect of this investment that impacts the cost of equity capital. Boeing 7E7 Project Evaluation Circumstances for an economically attractive project The project would be economically attractive if Boeing could sell enough planes in a given time period above a certain price. The hurdle rate, or the internal rate of return that gives the project an NPV of zero is 15. 4% according to our calculations. This means that Boeing would have to sell at least 2,500 airliners in the first 20 years at 0% price premium or greater for this project to increase the wealth of shareholders Market Demand The United States has had some of the lowest passenger numbers in recent history. A reverse of this trend is crucial to reach some of the projected sales numbers that Boeing is counting on. There are several factors to these lower numbers. A decrease in business travel has occurred due to cost and the advance of conferencing technologies. And lastly, the weak economy has vacationers thinking of local destinations instead of traveling abroad. Market Share Boeing’s fiercest competitor is Airbus. It is crucial that the new 7E7 delivers on its promise of lower operating cost. This will help command a larger share of the market. This becomes even more important if the economy doesn’t recover as quickly as we hope. The other aspect of the 7E7’s success is the engineering of an expandable wing. Adding this versatility will give the 7E7 owner more options for travel routes. Sensitivity Analysis The following is the sensitivity analysis of the Boeing project which gives optimistic and pessimistic estimates for the underlying variables of volume and cost of sales. The purpose of the sensitivity analysis is to express cash flows in terms of the variables of this project. Boeing had to determine what the decide what the underlying variables were which in this case happen to be development costs and the per-copy costs to build the 7E7. Based on the above sensitivity analysis it reveals that the nature of Boeing’s gamble on the 7E7 is high. Given the information in the case, they forecast that the development costs would be $8M with a base case assumption of 80% as the percentage of costs of goods sold to sales. This would earn a IRR of 15. 7%, however, if costs were $10M with an 84% assumption this would have an IRR of 8. % or a net change of 7. 1 Therefore, the gamble is high because the development costs not only swing $4M but the IRR also has a great variance of 12. 7 given the best case IRR of 21. 30% and worst case of 8. 6%. Optimistic Best case scenario includes a cost of capital that is lower than expected. We used the rate of 5. 85%. However, if yield to maturity rates are lower than expected, we can lower the WACC. For example, a rate o f 3. 393% would give us a WACC of 14. 83% instead of 15. 44%. Or, let’s say that the riskiness of this project was over calculated. A beta of 2 instead of 2. 54 would give us a WACC of 13. 07% Expected market rate is also another area that may be lower because of the economy. If the market expectations underperform, we can also lower our estimates of cost of capital. For example, we used a market expectation of 11. 7%. A 10% rate gives us a WACC of 12. 78% So, as you can see with some of the above scenarios, the outlook may be better than expected Pessimistic Of course, the flip side is that things don’t go as well as predicted. Let’s say that yield to maturity rates are higher than expected. A 6. 37% rate increases our WACC to 15. 57% Or, riskiness of the project is even higher than expected. A beta of 3 instead of 2. 54 would result in a WACC of 17. 46% Or, if the market outperforms expectations, we could also have a higher cost of capital. Instead of the 11. 7% expected market rate, let’s use 15%. That ups our costs to 20. 61%. The below table summarizes these optimistic and pessimistic vi ews | Yield to Maturity| Beta| Expected Market| WACC| Standard WACC| 5. 85%| 2. 54| 11. 7%| 15. 44%| Optimistic| | | | | Low YTM| 3. 393%| 2. 54| 11. 7%| 14. 83%| Less Risk| 5. 5%| 2| 11. 7%| 13. 07%| Weak Market | 5. 85%| 2. 54| 10%| 12. 78| Pessimistic| | | | | High YTM| 6. 337%| 2. 54| 11. 7%| 15. 57%| More risk| 5. 85%| 3| 11. 7%| 17. 46%| Strong Market| 5. 85%| 2. 54| 15%| 20. 61%| Conclusion Board approval for the project? After carefully considering the risks and benefits of the 7E7project, we recommend that the Board of Directors approve the project. There are, however, inherent risks in this project resulting from the design and materials used. The 7E7 is the first plane to use a carbon body construction and employ wingtip extenders. This will add risk to the project since they have never been used on such a large scale project. The supply chain is very large and spread over the globe. This will lead to challenges managing this network of contractors. There are many part of the plane that are being fully constructed in other countries and then shipped by sea to Boeing’s Seattle facility for final assembly. This will add to the inherent risk of the project if any of these contractors fail to deliver on time. Airbus is a close competitor. They will be coming to market with their new A380 in 2005. This plane will be a formidable competitor to the 7E7. If Boeing falls behind regarding innovation, fuel efficiency and all the other attributes of a long haul airliner they will lose their market share. In order for Boeing to compete in the aviation industry, they must take on some risk and develop this new plane. With the economy so volatile, airlines will be looking for options that reduce their operating costs. The 7E7 will carry more passengers per flight in a fuel efficient manner allowing the airline companies to justify purchasing the plane. The success of the expandable wing will also give the plane attractive versatility. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, Boeing would have to sell at least 2,500 aircraft over a 20-year period while keeping development costs at or below $8 Billion dollars and COGS as a percent of sales at or below 80%. If there are cost overruns then the COGS as a percent of sales must stay at 78% or lower (see Exhibit 9). The equity market risk premium should equal the excess return expected by investors on the market portfolio. In this case it was calculated to be 7. 14%. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was calculated to be 15. 443%. Since the projected revenues listed in Exhibit 8 are â€Å"well behaved† we can trust the IRR tables in Exhibit 9. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, the IRR of the project should at least equal the WACC. To achieve this Boeing would have to sell at least 2500 airliners in a 20-year period. Boeing is expecting to reach this unit goal The financial calculations provided in this report show that there is a very good chance that the project will increase the wealth of the shareholders. There are other risks mentioned above that must be considered but on balance the reasons to go forward with the project outweigh those against it. Appendices Appendix A BetaAssetBoeing = WBdd * BetaAssetBdd + WBcad * BetaAssetBcad Samp;P 500 60 trading day estimated BetaEquityBoeing = 1. 45 Market- value debt/equity ratio = 0. 525 BetaAssetBoeing = 1. 45/(1+0. 5252) = 0. 950695 The comparison to Lockheed Martin is the most responsible since we are given the Equity Betas and percentage of revenues derived from government (defense and space). Boeing was awarded $16. 6B in contracts, second only to Lckheed Marin with $17B (case page 235-236). Lockheed Martin is the closest competitor to being a pure Defense contractor, Exhibit 10 indicates 93%, which will help access the best estimate for Beta AssetBdd. Boeing Rev from Defense (WBdd) = 0. 46 Boeing Rev from Commercial Sales (WBcad) = 0. 54 Samp;P 500 60 trading day BetaEquityLM for Lockheed Martin = 0. 34 Debt/equity for Lockheed Martin = 0. 410 BetaAssetBdd = 0. 34/(1+0. 410) = 0. 241135 0. 950695 = (0. 46 X 0. 241135) + 0. 54x 0. 950695 = 0. 051024 +0. 54x 0. 899671 = 0. 54x BetaAssetBcad = 1. 666057 Beta EquityBcad = BetaAssetBcad * (1 + d/e) Beta EquityBcad = 1. 66057 * (1. 525) Beta EquityBcad = 2. 540738

PSAT Score Range Where Do You Rank

PSAT Score Range Where Do You Rank SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Although the PSAT and SAT share many similarities, their score ranges are actually pretty different. Unlike the SAT score range, which has a maximum score of 1600, the PSAT score range only goes up to1520.But why? What are thescore ranges for each PSAT section? Also, canyou use the PSAT scoring scale to predict your SAT score? In this article, we’ll go over the current PSAT scores range and PSAT score distribution.We'll then compare PSAT score ranges with SAT score ranges before concluding with a list of estimated PSAT score cutoffs for the National Merit Scholarship Program. What Is the PSAT Score Range Overall? For Each Section? The total PSAT scoring scale is320-1520 in 10-point increments.Like the SAT, the PSAT has three major sections: Math, Reading, and Writing and Language (hereafter Writing). Each section is first scored on a scale of 8-38 in one-point increments;these areyourPSATtest scores.These test scores are then converted into section scores on scales of 160-760 in 10-point increments(which combine to give you a total PSAT score out of 1520). To get your Math section score, simply multiply your Math test score by20. To get your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score, add your Reading and Writing test scorestogether and then multiply the sumby 10. There are also subscores and cross-test scores,which measure your mastery of specific skills and knowledge on each section. Subscores are scored on scales of 1-15 and encompassthe following seven areas: EBRW Command of Evidence Words in Context Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions Math Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math Cross-test scores are a little different in that they apply to all PSAT sections and use scoring scales of8-38.The two cross-test scores are as follows: Analysis in History/Social Studies Analysis in Science Finally, you’ll geta Selection Indexwith a score range of 48-228.To calculate this score, multiply the sum of your three PSAT test scores by2. The Selection Index score isused solely to determine your eligibility for National Merit distinction (we’ll explain this in more detail later). Hereis a table showcasing thecurrent PSAT score rangeas well as the score ranges for each PSAT section, subscore, and cross-test score: PSAT Score Range PSAT Section Score Range Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) 160-760 Reading 8-38 Writing and Language 8-38 Command of Evidence 1-15 Words in Context 1-15 Expression of Ideas 1-15 Standard English Conventions 1-15 Math 160-760 Math (Test Score) 8-38 Heart of Algebra 1-15 Problem Solving and Data Analysis 1-15 Passport to Advanced Math 1-15 TOTAL (EBRW + Math) 320-1520 Cross-Test Scores* - Analysis in History/Social Studies 8-38 Analysis in Science 8-38 Selection Index 48-228 Source: PSAT/NMSQT Understanding Scores 2018 *Cross-test scores are for all sections of the PSAT. Before October 2015 (and the introduction of the redesigned SAT in 2016), the PSAT looked quite differentthan it does now. Back then, the PSAT scores range was 60-240,the Critical Reading and Writing scores didnot combine for a total EBRW score, and test takers received neither subscores nor cross-test scores. To help you better visualize these differences, hereis an overview of the old (pre-2015) PSAT scores range: Old (Pre-2015) PSAT Score Range PSAT Section Score Range Critical Reading 20-80 Math 20-80 Writing 20-80 TOTAL (All Sections) 60-240 Source: PSAT/NMSQT Understanding Scores 2015 The old PSAT has made way for the new PSAT to shine. PSAT Score Distribution The PSAT scores scale makes it so that most test takers score around 920 (the halfway point between 320 and 1520). And the data backs this up: the average PSAT scores are934 for 10th graders and 1014 for 11th graders. This pattern in scoring creates a bell curve on which most PSAT takers score around the middle of the PSAT scoring scale and veryfew score at the lowest and highest ends of the scale: Now, let's look at thePSAT score distribution using percentiles. These percentiles will tell us what percentage of test takers you scored higher than on the PSAT. In general, a score in the 75th percentile or higher means you’re doing well, a score in the 50th percentile means you’re about average, and a score in the 25th percentile or lower means you have some room for improvement. Below is a condensedlistof the mostrecent PSAT percentiles for 11th graders.For more info onPSATpercentiles for 10th graders, read our article on good PSAT scores for sophomores. PSAT Percentile EBRW Math TOTAL 99 or 99+ 730-760 750-760 1460-1520 90 650-660* 640 1280 75 590* 570 1150 50 510* 490-500* 1000-1010* 25 430 430* 860-870* 10 370 380 760 1 or 1- 160-300 160-300 320-640 Source: PSAT/NMSQT Understanding Scores 2018 *Estimated score or score range (exact score for designated percentile unavailable). In 2018, approximately 1.6 million juniorstook the PSAT.The data above tells us thatthe top 1% of test takers- about 16,000 juniors- scored between 1460 and 1520.Contrary to what many believe, youdo notneed aperfect PSAT score to get into the99th percentile. In fact, you can miss up to 60 pointsand still getin the top 1%! Likewise, very few test takers scored at the lowest end of the PSAT spectrum:only 16,000 or so juniors scored 640 or lower.In other words, your chance of scoring below 640 is quite rare, as 99% of test takers score above this range. But what about the percentiles for individual sections?As you probably noticed, the score ranges for the 99th percentiles for EBRW and Math are not the same. For EBRW, ascore as low as 730 guarantees you aspot in the99th percentile. For Math, on the other hand, you must score at least 750- a near-perfect score! This discrepancy between thePSAT score ranges for the sections indicates thatMath is slightly more competitive than EBRW is,as more people receive high scores on Math than they do on EBRW. So if you want to get 99th percentile scores on Math and EBRW, you’ll have to work a little bit harder on Math than you will on EBRW. On the opposite end of the percentile scale, EBRW and Math maintain identicalscore ranges: any score below 300 falls in the 1st percentile for both EBRW and Math.Once again, though, very few students actually score in this range, so you’re more likely to get above 300 on both sections. Cupcake distribution: 99% for me, 1% for you. SAT vs PSAT Score Range: Is There a Correlation? We've covered the basics ofPSAT score distribution, so let's address another question: how does the PSAT score range compare with the SAT score range?Although the PSAT and SAT share several striking similarities, their score ranges are more like siblings than they are twins. Here is a side-by-side comparison of the current SAT and PSAT score ranges: Section PSAT Score Range SAT Score Range Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) 160-760 200-800 Reading 8-38 10-40 Writing and Language 8-38 10-40 Command of Evidence 1-15 1-15 Words in Context 1-15 1-15 Expression of Ideas 1-15 1-15 Standard English Conventions 1-15 1-15 Math 160-760 200-800 Math (Test Score) 8-38 - Heart of Algebra 1-15 1-15 Problem Solving and Data Analysis 1-15 1-15 Passport to Advanced Math 1-15 1-15 TOTAL (EBRW + Math) 320-1520 400-1600 Essay* - 2-8 | 2-8 | 2-8 Reading - 2-8 Analysis - 2-8 Writing - 2-8 Cross-Test Scores - - Analysis in History/Social Studies 8-38 10-40 Analysis in Science 8-38 10-40 Selection Index 48-228 - Source: The College Board *There is no Essay section on the PSAT, but there is an optional Essay on the SAT. Note that the Essay score does not factor into your composite SAT score. At a glance, the two tests look as though they mirror each other, but in reality the PSAT and SAT differ in a fewkey ways. According to the table, the maximum PSAT score is 1520 and the maximum SAT score is 1600. But if the two tests are so similar in terms of form and content, why does the PSAT score scale only go up to 1520 and not 1600? Thisdifference in maximum scoresis due to thetwo tests' differences in difficulty.Because the PSAT is a preliminary to the SAT, it has fewer questions and is overall less challenging than the SAT. As a result, the PSAT score rangedoesn't reach as high as the SAT score range does. But wouldn't a 1520 on the PSAT simply correspond to a 1600 on the SAT? Nope! Even though both scores are the two tests' respective maximums, a 1520 on the PSAT is not the same as a 1600 on the SAT; rather, a 1520 on the PSAT is the same as a 1520 on the SAT. This pattern applies not justto the maximum scores but to all possible PSAT scores. For example, a1050 on the PSAT equals a 1050 on the SAT, a 1300 equals a 1300, a 1280 equals a 1280, and so on.In other words, scaled PSAT and SAT scores always signify the same level of ability. The reason for this is thatyour PSAT score ismeant to be a direct indicatorof your SAT score. If I scored 1170 on the PSAT, then- at that exact point in time and without any additional studying- I should also be scoringaround 1170 on the SAT. The PSAT essentially acts as acrystal ball, revealing the level ofyour current (and possibly future) SAT ability. Unfortunately, the PSAT doesn'temit bright, magical lights like a Magic 8 Ball does. (bark/Flickr) What Is the PSAT Score Range for National Merit Scholarships? As I mentioned briefly at the beginning of this article, high PSAT scorers (who are juniors) might qualify asSemifinalists for the National Merit Scholarship Program.This competitionis a big deal in the academic world. Not only does the program look great on college applications, but it also hands outa$2,500scholarship to every winner! Sowhat PSAT scores do you need to qualify? The National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) uses Selection Index scores to determine which students are eligible for scholarship consideration. Each year,the top 3-4% of test takers become Commended Students, and the top 1% proceed as Semifinalists.This works out to around16,000 Semifinalists, of whom 15,000 will move on and become Finalists. (And of that 15,000, about 8,000 will eventually win scholarship money.) But here's the caveat:the Selection Index score you need in order to qualify as a Semifinalist varies by state.Below are theestimated cutoff scoresneededto qualify as a Semifinalist in each state. Beside each Selection Index score is an estimated total PSAT score cutoff. I calculated these estimated PSAT score cutoffs by working backward. First, I divided each state's Selection Index by 2. Then, I divided the quotientby 3 to get (estimated) PSAT test scores for Math, Reading, and Writing. Next, I converted each test score into a section score. Finally, I combined the EBRW and Math section scores to get an approximate PSAT score for each Selection Index cutoff. State Selection Index Cutoff PSAT Score Cutoff Alabama 216 1440 Alaska 215 1440 Arizona 220 1470 Arkansas 214 1430 California 223 1490 Colorado 221 1480 Connecticut 222 1480 Delaware 222 1480 District of Columbia 223 1490 Florida 219 1460 Georgia 220 1470 Hawaii 220 1470 Idaho 214 1430 Illinois 221 1480 Indiana 219 1460 Iowa 216 1440 Kansas 218 1460 Kentucky 218 1460 Louisiana 217 1450 Maine 217 1450 Maryland 223 1490 Massachusetts 223 1490 Michigan 219 1460 Minnesota 220 1470 Mississippi 215 1440 Missouri 217 1450 Montana 214 1430 Nebraska 216 1440 Nevada 218 1460 New Hampshire 219 1460 New Jersey 223 1490 New Mexico 215 1440 New York 221 1480 North Carolina 220 1470 North Dakota 212 1410 Ohio 219 1460 Oklahoma 215 1440 Oregon 221 1480 Pennsylvania 220 1470 Rhode Island 220 1470 South Carolina 216 1440 South Dakota 215 1440 Tennessee 219 1460 Texas 221 1480 Utah 215 1440 Vermont 216 1440 Virginia 222 1480 Washington 222 1480 West Virginia 212 1410 Wisconsin 216 1440 Wyoming 212 1410 AVERAGE 218 1460 As you can see, the PSAT score required to be a Semifinalist can vary significantly bystate. In North Dakota, West Virginia, and Wyoming you can become a Semifinalist with a score of about1410. But in California, Maryland, New Jersey, and Washington, DC, you’ll need a far higher score of around 1490- that’s an 80-point difference! Luckily, in no state do you need a perfect PSAT score to qualify as a Semifinalist.In fact, in all states you can miss at least 30 points and still qualify for National Merit! But what scores should you aim for on each PSAT section? To calculate your individual section goal scores, divide your state’s Selection Index cutoff by 2 and then again by 3.This number will act as your approximate goal score for Reading, Writing, and Math. (Note that it will be a test score out of 38 and not a section score out of 760.) For example, if you lived in New Mexico, your Selection Index cutoff would be 215. Using thisscore, do the math as described above to get your goal (test) score for each section on the PSAT: 215 / 2 = 107.5 107.5 / 3 = 35.83 35.83= 36 (Always round up!) Of courseyou don’t need to aim for the exact same score on each section.If you’re stronger at Reading and Writing than you are at Math, you could instead aim for 38 on both the Reading and Writing sections and 32-33 on the Math section. This combination will still get you a Selection Index score of 215 (just do the math to check it!). Ultimately, if you plan to strivefor National Merit status, it's important to know the cutoff score for your state.Always aim, at a minimum, for your state's cutoff score,though I suggest aiming a little higher if possible. Doing this will give you a solid buffer should thecutoff score for your state go up a little the year you take the PSAT. If you don't meet the PSAT score cutoff, you can't ride the roller coaster to Free Money Land. Takeaways for the PSAT Score Range The PSAT score range is 320-1520 in 10-point increments.This composite range includes two score ranges of 160-760 for EBRW and Math. In terms of test scores, Reading, Writing, and Math are all scored separately on scales of 8-38.You'll also receivesubscores with ranges of 1-15 and cross-test scores with ranges of 8-38. In regard to PSAT score distribution, most test takers score at or around 920,the halfway point between the minimum and maximum scores. As recent percentiles show,Mathis slightly more competitive thanEBRWsince youneed a higher Math score to get into the 99th percentile than you do to get into the same percentile for EBRW. PSAT and SAT scores are analogous, meaning thata scaled score on the PSAT will always equal that same scaled score on the SAT.Therefore, you canuse your PSAT score to get a rough idea of how your SAT performance might look. ThePSAT also assigns each test takera Selection Index score on a scale of 48-228.This is the score used to determine your eligibility for National Merit consideration. Each state maintains a different Selection Index cutoff score,with the lowest being 212 and the highest being 223. To ensure you have thebest shot at winning a scholarship, try to aim for your state's cutoff score- ideally, even higher! What’s Next? Got more questions about the PSAT scoring system? Our guide to PSAT scoring explains how PSAT scores are calculated, and gives you tips onhow you can use thisinfo to your advantage on test day. Confused about what's tested on the PSAT?Get the rundown with our guides to what the PSAT is and what you should know about its structure and question types. Want to know exactly when you'll take the PSAT?Our guide to PSAT test dateswill give you info onwhen the next PSAT will be, where you'll take it, and what you can do to prepare for it. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Accounting for Strategic Decision-Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting for Strategic Decision-Making - Essay Example First, the research paper has used multiple methods, which are combined together such as the four methodological approaches. This gives better results to the report. Secondly, the paper raises the issue of supply management area, which often concerns the implementation steps to facilitate concurrent engineering, which is not raised nor discussed in the previous accounting literatures. Third, â€Å"the allocation of target costs to the detailed component level should be performed by multidisciplinary teams in the U.S based target costing compared to the previous research on the target costing practices of the Asians firms† (Ellram 15). This stresses that target costing allocation is an individual duty. Fourth, all teams work together in U.S based target costing to resolve tensions that are created by the market pressures in conjunction with the supplier to achieve the target cost. Fifth, it illustrates that U.S target costing has very close working relationship between the supp ly management and design engineering. This impacts directly on a product or service’s capacity to meet their target costs. This relationship is absent in other targets costing such as the Asians. Sixth, the paper discusses how the target selling price can be established through customer negotiations which are not addressed in the previous target costing research. Lastly, it shows that the supply in U.S costing method plays a major role in product development which is not clearly stated in other costing methods. On the other hand, on weaknesses, it fails to discuss what affects the products success in U.S target costing method, whether it is the products higher prices or the markets readiness. It has also not specified the theoretical target costing time frame for each of the steps in the implementation process. Another weakness is that it shows the same way of determining the product cost which is just the same with

How will The London 2012 Olympic Games affect the U.K. economy Essay

How will The London 2012 Olympic Games affect the U.K. economy - Essay Example The United Kingdom economy has been among the best performing economies in the world for a long time. During the period that lasted from 1990 to 2008, the U.K. economy comfortably managed a 2.3% GDP growth factor. However, in recent times, the economic state of the United Kingdom has been performing poorly (House of Commons, 2009:33). This has elicited doubt among critics that the economy may be taking a down ward turn, and that the United Kingdom may be facing imminent recession. Recent research has revealed that the United Kingdom did not manage to gain substantial growth in 2011. Records collected from the research show that the U.K. financial system only managed a skimpy 0.8% development in 2011. In calculation, the main reason behind the growth was the 0.2% plunge that happened towards the end of the year (Fussey, 2011: 79). This has driven researchers to scheme a very small band of escalation to happen in 2012, amounting to about 0.4%. The analysts forecast that the financial s ystem will undergo a double decline before it starts budding back to its former circumstances. However, the wealth faces a latent growth aid in the form of the 2012 Olympics. London is set to host the 2012 Olympic Games, an event that possesses the potential to favor the U.K. economy greatly, and on an optimistic note in terms of direct and indirect revenue (House of Commons, 2009:47).... The battle took place at the crest of a mountain that shadowed a gorge in the southwestern region of Greece. Zeus managed to conquer over his father in the battle. As a result, the Greece citizens put up a shrine and built an enormous statuette in the gorge in a bid o honor him. The name of the gorge was Olympia. Soon after, the citizens began conducting religious ceremonies with the main agenda being the reverent worship and adoration of Zeus. This was in an attempt to try to gain Zeus’ famed strength and athletic capabilities. Folklore has it that these ceremonies led to the idea of starting the Olympic Games. Though the actual date when the first Olympic event took place is still in doubt, the first recorded event took place in 776 BC. The games consisted of only one occasion, the 190-meter race, which a chef, Coroebus, won. This marked the initial Olympiad. The Olympiad was the name given to the four-year duration by which the Greek citizens traced their history (Guttman, 2003:198). As time went by, athletic contests gained so much significance to the Greek people that the occasions now tended to influence a peaceful nature on the military states. For example, Sparta was famous for its strict military rule and intensive battle training of its population. It reached a point where the Sparta administration would patiently wait for the successful completion of the games’ events before engaging in battle with rival states. Soon after, other cities imitated this unwritten rule. The initial consecutive thirteen games offered only one event, which was the one-stade run (Young, 2004:129). However, as time passed, the then administration gradually

Learning Styles Essay Example for Free

Learning Styles Essay The reason for doing this report is to try and discover which is my best and worst way to learn and then to come up with a strategy for improving my ability to learn. The first thing that I need to do is research what different learning styles there is, after I have done this I can determine what are my preferred learning styles. Types of Learning Styles After doing some research I have discovered that there are four main ways of learning. For each of these four ways there is a continuum, this continuum determines which particular style somebody may prefer. The first continuum of learning is Active and Reflective, this style is to do with the way in which a person may go about his/her learning. Active learners tend to retain and understand information best by doing something active with it, discussing or applying it in a hands on way. Reflective learners prefer to think about it quietly first. The second continuum of learning is Sensing and Intuitive, this style is to do with the information that a person has to learn. Sensing learners often prefer to learn and memorise facts but intuitive learners prefer to learn around new ideas and concepts. The third continuum of learning is Visual and Verbal, this style is to do with the way in which the information is presented. Visual learners remember best what they see e. g. pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations. Verbal learners get more out of words including written and spoken explanations. The fourth and final continuum of learning is Sequential and Global. This style is to do with the way in which learners put together the information they have been given. Sequential learners tend to gain understanding in linear steps, with each step following logically from the previous one. Global learners tend to learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly getting it. To be an effective learner you need to be able to learn in every single way depending on the way in which the information is presented or the environment in which you are learning etc. This is why the best learners have balanced learning styles and therefore can adapt the way they learn. My Learning Style Preferences are? To find out my learning style preferences I took part in a on-line test (http://www. crc4mse. org/ILS/self_test. html) which asks a series of questions and then gives you a score for each one of the four learning continuums. For three of the continuums I was biased towards one particular style, these are active, visual and global. This would indicate that I learn best when I can get involved and try things out. It also indicates that I absorb information best when it is presented visually in things such as diagrams, tables, graphs etc. furthermore, the test showed is that I learn best if I get an overview of the whole topic before I start concentrating on the smaller details. The final thing that this test points out is that Im neither sensing nor intuitive. Due to this I am able to learn the facts surrounding a subject but I am also able to grasp theories and ideas. I absolutely agree with the results of this test and would say it is a fair judgement on my learning preferences. My Learning Style Weaknesses are? As discussed before the best learners have a balanced learning style and therefore my greatest weakness is that I dont have the ability to adapt my learning style to all situations. Because of this I may miss out on some vital information because it isnt presented in a format that I am totally comfortable with. Even though I am a good learner when I learn actively I dont learn as well when there is nothing practical for me to take part in, in order to re-enforce the things that I have learnt. I also find it difficult to absorb information when it is not presented in a visual format. Another weakness of mine is that in some cases I need to have an overall understanding of a subject before I appreciate the smaller details. This is a weakness because sometimes it can over complicate a topic if I try to understand everything before I understand the basics; therefore this makes it more difficult for me to put everything into context. The fact that I struggle to adapt my learning styles isnt my only weakness, by doing a skills audit I have discovered other areas of learning where I am weak. My weakest area in the skills audit is spoken communication. This includes things such as speaking in front of a group, expressing my views verbally and delivering a presentation. I feel the reason why I am weak in this area is because I dont like being the centre of attention and when I am I become very self conscious and nervous. I am fine when talking one-to-one but when it comes to talking in front of large groups I am not comfortable at all. This needs to be improved though because it is an important skill in any industry. My Strategy for effective learning is? The first step to make my learning more effective is by identifying my weaknesses. I feel that I have done this successfully by doing the online test and by completing the skills audit. The next step is to come up with a strategy to improve my weaknesses and make the most of my strength. I am aware that my spoken communication skills will improve with practice and by using stress management techniques when I am giving presentations, talks etc. but, trying to make my learning styles more balanced may be more difficult. To improve my reflective side of learning I could take time after lectures to read through my notes again and do further reading on a topic but I could also relate the things that I have learnt in the lecture to a practical situation and therefore learn it the way that best suits me. The way in which I could improve my verbal way of learning is by getting somebody to talk through a diagram, graph etc whist Im looking at it. This will allow me to recognise the information verbally as well as visually because I will be relating what the tutor is saying to something that I can understand easier. Finally the way in which I can become more of a sequential learner is by taking topics step by step and try to forget about the overall picture until I have gat all of the pieces. This will help me because it will stop me from getting confused if I stop thinking about things that arent important in the early stages. With all of these things it may be better for me to adapt what is being taught to me and fit it into my preferred learning style, rather than adapt my preferred learning style to fit in with the material that is being taught. If I do things this way I am always going to learn things in my preferred way but realistically I know this isnt always a possibility and therefore I am aware of the need to become a more effective learner.

Civic Education :: Graduate Law Admissions Essays

Civic Education Gordon Gee in The Grace Adams Tanner Lecture in Human Values on April 28, 1999 mandates that the modern university "must provide the moral, intellectual, social cultural, and emotional framework into which [students] can properly place the pieces of the puzzle of life. We [the university] must help our students accommodate not only their hopes and aspirations, but also the inevitable fears, disillusionment, the desperate moral dilemmas, the guilt, the anger, and the questions of conscience which are part of every life. We must help them channel the power of the individual into strengthening the community." Gee speaks about an obligation of the university to prepare her students for life as members of a greater community. He places inherent value on the strength of community and assigns, as do the two authors quoted, a "moral responsibility" on contemporary universities to enable each student to contribute to this strength. Like Gee, William James talks about the "action of innumerable imitative individuals upon each other." Both Gee and James believe that education is not an individual search for self or righteousness or belonging. This process is not one about receiving wealth or fame. It is a process about learning to give. It is a process about acquiring the knowledge necessary to strengthen the community in the ways you feel are right. My own experience at Brown is one that has led me to internalize many of these same values. When I first arrived at Brown, I asked myself where I would fit here; what was it that I was supposed to do? I took advantage of Brown's liberal curriculum and sought the perfect concentration for me. When I settled on Political Science, I asked myself what I wanted to DO with that degree. Over the course of my Junior year, the answer simply emerged. I became interested in education and finally found the perfect field for my interest: Civic Education. I plan to write my honors thesis next year with professors Tomasi and Kaestle on civic education. The question I ask myself now, is not what can I do with Civic Education, but rather, how can I use my academic work to enhance the educational experience for all American children. In contemporary debates over civic education theory, the question is often posed: how can an Aristotelian, republican notion of cultivating citizens fit into a modern liberal democracy?

Project Management Recommendation Paper Essay

According to Jacobs and Chase (2011), there are five different phases in which the Palomino will need to deliver: Project Conception and initiation: This project maintains medium amounts of risk for risk but this new line of products makes enhancements on past technologies helping reduce the thought of risk. Project Definition and Planning: Sticking to the produced production plan already in place and maintaining costs according to priorities and timelines in association to existing technology is critical. Project Launch or Execution: The project manager will be responsible for the above conceptions, initiations, and planning. Project performance and control: The above named â€Å"Project Manager† will be responsible for timely execution and lunch of product in 9 month production window through effective management techniques and leadership abilities. Project Close: At the completion of project and consumers are providing positive feedback on Palomino impact on their lives, a recap will be provided. This feedback will include notes on production process obstacles, success stories, and personal  feedback allowing for future organizational growth in innovation and creation. Through the table included below a break down on the costs associated with each project allow for you to see the project recommendation in quantitative figures. Risk Critical Path Cost Cost Per/Mo ROI Return Per/Mo Total Profit/ Per Month Juniper Low 6 Mos $325,000 $54,166.67 $250,000 2-3 yrs $20,833.33 (15.6 mos to B/E) $424,999.93 (20.4 mos @$20.833.33 Palomino Med 9 Mos $655,000 $72,777.78 $450,000 5 years $37,500 (17.46 mos to B/E) $1,595,250 (42.54 Mos @$37,000 Stargazer High ($450,000) +$125,000 =$535,000 $300K $550K $750K (5yrs) Tot:7 yrs The verdict on the Palomino project still gives Piper Industries Corporation some positive traction in developing a new line of widgets that have been formed off of existing technology. While the idea of continuing to spend on the new product line, Stargazer widgets comes with great reward, it is not without great risk. While sales and marketing teams have already had minor dialog with a few of your strategic customers, there are still far too many questions. Therefore proceed with the Palomino project and enjoy the deliverables projected including the growth of you widget line as well as the projected ROI of 5 years bringing great profitability over the 7 year projected life cycle. With the delivery of the Palomino project, Piper’s ability to move forward in developing new advancements on existing technology will give you greater insight into how further the Stargazer project further down the line. References: Jacobs, F.R., & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC.aspx?assetid=1733965c-5941-4741- b1b3-2a6518a9897d&assetmetaid=564ca34f-cdef-4bba-9c2d-026be3a2b17f.

What s Internal Electrical System Controls The Rate And...

So, what is an arrhythmia? An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate and rhythm of the heart. The heart can either beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. Arrhythmias can also cause the heart to inefficiently pump blood to the body and other organs which can lead to damage in the brain, heart, other organs and can ultimately lead to heart failure. Although most arrhythmias are non life threatening, they can develop into a serious problem. To better understand arrhythmias, it helps to understand the heart s internal electrical system. The heart’s internal electrical system controls the rate and rhythm of each heartbeat. Each heartbeat sends off an electric impulse that tells the heart to contract and pump blood. The electric signal first begins in a group of cells known as the sinoatrial cells or to state simply, the SA node. The SA node is located within the wall of the heart’s upper right chamber, the right atrium. In a healthy adult heart, the SA node fir es off an electrical signal to begin each heartbeat 60-100 times per minute.From here, the electrical impulse travels through special pathways in the atria, making the atria contract and pump blood into the heart’s two lower chambers, the ventricles. The electric signal then passes through a group of cells called the atrioventricular node or the AV node, located between the atrium and the ventricles. Here, the electric signal slows down, allowing the ventricles with enough time to finish filling with blood.Show MoreRelatedThe Heart Of A Heart Disappointment3537 Words   |  15 Pagesresult of underlying coronary illness (Cowie 1997). In low to medium salary countries the disorder is regularly the consequence of longstanding hypertension, cardiomyopathy or rheumatic coronary illness (Sliwa 2005). This pattern is changing, with the rate and predominance of atherosclerotic ailment expanding in low to medium wage countries (Yusuf 2001). 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